Recently, WMI had the chance to explore the evolving landscape of waste management and sustainable energy production. Through many conversations with industry experts, we discovered the pivotal role AD plants play in transforming bio-waste from commercial establishments into valuable resources.
AD technology is on the rise in Europe, and particularly prominent in the UK. These plants specialise in on-site treatment solutions for organic waste, with a focus on sectors like hotels and restaurants. The dual approach of on-site treatment using bacteria and off-site treatment through anaerobic digestion, form the backbone of this sustainable solution addressing the urgent need for eco-friendly waste management.
The AD process creates many valuable by-products, including biofertilizer, biogas, biomethane, and bioplastics. These by-products open doors to future green fuels, underscoring the potential for carbon capture technologies. Notable among these green fuels are green hydrogen, renewable DME (rDME), syngas, and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).
We have had the chance to understand the versatility of biomethane, a significant output of AD, with applications ranging from replacing fossil fuel gas on the grid, to serving heating needs and generating combined heat and power (CHP). The low carbon footprint of the electricity generated aligns with government targets, shaping a more sustainable energy landscape.
Diving deeper into the intricacies of AD plants, we discovered the two main types present in the UK: commercial and farming. Commercial plants handle diverse organic waste sources, while farming-based plants focus on utilising on-farm waste to generate power. There are currently 532 operational AD plants in the UK, a testament to the growing acceptance of this sustainable technology.
Our conversations brought us face-to-face with the operational processes of AD plants, where converters facilitate the digestion process using organic waste, bacteria, dry matter, and heat. The adaptability of AD systems was clear, as we learned about the addition of wood pellets for generating heat in specific scenarios.
Entities acting as intermediaries in this space emerged as crucial players, either locally treating waste at businesses or collecting and delivering it to AD plants. Our exploration has concluded with a profound realisation – the rise of AD plants in the UK symbolises a significant stride towards a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to waste management and energy production. With the potential to generate clean energy, reduce carbon emissions, and produce valuable by-products, AD plants offer a promising solution for a greener and more sustainable future in the UK's energy landscape.
Author: Frantisek Hejl